Neotropical salamanders of the bolitoglossa make up the largest genus in. Others, members of the genus bolitoglossa, have extensively webbed forefeet and hindfeet with indistinct digits, allowing them to move across moist leaves and other smooth surfaces. Note that the drawings are inverted they are lithographs, and that the specimen is represented upside down i. We present here the first cytogenetic data of a brazilian salamander, which may prove to be a useful by contribution to the. Lungless salamanders genus bolitoglossa tropical lungless salamanders introduction. The plethodontid salamander genus bolitoglossa is, by far, the most speciesrich and diverse genus of salamanders. The skulls of six species of plethodontid salamanders of the genus bolitoglossa from costa rica and panama, bolitoglossa colonnea, b. Phylogenetic relationships within the lowland tropical salamanders of the bolitoglossa mexicana complex. Pdf a new species of bolitoglossa amphibia, caudata from the. Two new country records of salamanders of the genus. Phylogenetic relationships among the salamanders of the. In filhols legend, drawing 419 would represent a portion of the snake coluber lafonti, and only drawing 420 would represent the salamander.
Recent studies have indicated the occurrence of five recognized species in the brazilian amazon rainforest. The monophyly of the supergenus bolitoglossa is well supported on both. Diversification and biogeographical history of neotropical. Calphotos animals browse amphibian scientific names last updated. The tropical salamander genus bolitoglossa is the most widely distributed within the family plethodontidae, with 121 currently recognized species that range from north eastern mexico to peru, bolivia and brazil parraolea et al. Bolitoglossa is a genus of lungless salamanders, also called mushroomtongued salamanders, tropical climbing salamanders, or webfooted salamanders. Males tend to be smaller and slimmer than females with male total lengths ranging between 125 145 mm and females ranging between 155 183 mm. Export a ris file for endnote, procite, reference manager, zotero, mendeley. It feeds on small invertebrates, which it catches by shooting out its projectile tongue. The salamander name bolitoglossa mexicana dumeril, bibron and dumeril pp.
The number in parentheses following each name is a count of photos that exactly match the name. Salamanders of the genus bolitoglossa from the sierra. Early miocene origin and cryptic diversification of south. A large female and smaller male of the salamander bolitoglossa mexicana. The salamander name bolitoglossa mexicana dumeril, bibron and dumeril. The three species known from these mountains comprise the macrinii group, which differs from all other bolitoglossa beta by lacking mental gland clusters in adult males, and in having extremely weak premaxillary bones that frequently have incomplete frontal processes. Bolitoglossa is a genus of lungless salamanders, also called mushroomtongued salamanders, tropical climbing salamanders, or webfooted salamanders, in the family plethodontidae. The mexican climbing salamander bolitoglossa mexicana is a species of salamander in the family plethodontidae. Its 124 assigned species represent around 20% of the living caudate species sessions, 2008. We spent several hours during daylight but found only a single bolitoglossa mexicana. Media in category bolitoglossa mexicanathe following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total. Molecular phylogenetics of the mud and musk turtle family. Bolitoglossa is believed to be the largest genus of salamanders.
Nevertheless, habitat for salamanders, including bromeliads, is present. An bolitoglossa in nahilalakip ha familia nga plethodontidae ilarom nga taxa. This is one of a projected series of papers dealing with phylogenetic relationships in the genus bolitoglossa, the largest and most widely distributed genus in the order caudata and one that includes about 20% of recognized salamander species. Salvins mushroomtongue salamander, bolitoglossa salvinii, is listed as endangered on the iucn red list of threatened species. Cytogenetics of the brazilian bolitoglossa paraensis. Plethodontid salamanders of genus bolitoglossa constitute the largest and most diverse group of salamanders, including around 20% of living caudate species. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Houck the reproductive biology of a neotropical salamander, bolitoglossa rostrata, was studied at two localities in guatemala. Pdf this is one of a projected series of papers dealing with phylogenetic relationships in the genus bolitoglossa, the largest and most widely. The supergenus bolitoglossa at present includes genera wiens et al.
Additionally, the number of south american salamander species may be underestimated because of cryptic diversity. Vastly underestimated species richness of amazonian salamanders. Bolitoglossa mexicana blackandgold salamander youtube. Pdf we describe two new species of bolitoglossa from nicaragua. The two species of ixalotriton form a clade but their sister taxon is unclear. Occurrence of the salamander bolitoglossa mexicana caudata. In part, this low richness may be due to the salamanders being a recent arrival to south america. If you do not see its contents the file may be temporarily unavailable at the journal website or you do not have a pdf plugin installed and enabled in your browser. Original drawings of the mummified salamander in ventral numbered 420 and dorsal numbered 419 views, from filhol 1877. Description bolitoglossa mexicana is a highly arboreal neotropical salamander that almost reaches 200 mm in total length. New species of montane salamander of the bolitoglossa. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, plantations, and rural gardens.
Browse invertebrate thumbnail photos click on a name below to see all the animal photos in the database that contain that name. The habitats of the species in bolitoglossa are highly varied and range from arboreal to terrestrial iucn. The skull structure of six species of mesoamerican. Espinal, 3 and larry david wilson 4 110770 southwest 164th street, miami, florida 331572933, usa. Bolitoglossa simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The currently recognized species richness of south american salamanders is surprisingly low compared to north and central america. Their range is between northern mexico through central america to colombia, venezuela, ecuador, peru, northeastern brazil, and central bolivia. Our strategy is to investigate primary taxa in proposed subgroups of the genus with the goal of discovering monophyletic groups. The bolitoglossa macrinii species group restricted geographically to southern oaxaca and southwestern guerrero, mexico is a monophyletic assemblage of. New species of montane salamander of the bolitoglossa dunni group from northern comayagua, honduras urodela. Bolitoglossa chucantiensis mesoamerican herpetology.
Phylogenetic relationships within the lowland tropical. Terms of use this pdf is provided by magnolia press for privateresearch use. Pdf a new species of bolitoglossa amphibia, caudata. These two were found courting on a short plant at night near avilio velasquezs house in. A sequence of bolitoglossa bolitoglossa mexicana was used as the outgroup for all phylogenetic analysis, and a sequence of bolitoglossa mayamandra hartwegi was also included in the dataset, given that the subgenera bolitoglossa and mayamandra were found to be the closest relatives of nanotriton in previous analyses of mtdna. Wed like to understand how you use our websites in order to improve them. Bolitoglossa mexicana, rio negro, honduras youtube. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. A beautiful new yellow salamander, genus bolitoglossa caudata. Early miocene origin and cryptic diversification of south american. Bolitoglossa mulleri is a medium to large salamander females to 80 mm svl, 162 mm 11.
By including representatives of all known species of amazonian bolitoglossa. Pdf two new species of salamanders genus bolitoglossa from. The most southerlyranging salamanders in the world, bolitoglossa are found from mexico in the north to tropical south america beyond the amazon drainage. In common with other salamanders, however, they are not lovers of high. Alternatively, you can download the file locally and open with any standalone pdf reader. For this reason, we tentatively treat these three populations as belonging to b. Widespread over the american tropics, these salamanders are found from northeastern mexico to the south american rainforest, and. Your use of this pdf, the bioone complete website, and all posted and associated. All species are terrestrial or slightly arboreal and show no lifemodedependent skull characteristics. Previous attempts to reconstruct a phylogenetic history of the group have employed morphological, isozyme, and limited mitochondrial dna sequence data, but have not been successful in producing a wellresolved phylogeny.
The turtle family kinosternidae comprises 25 living species of mud and musk turtles confined to the new world. It is found in belize, guatemala, honduras, mexico, and possibly nicaragua. Reproductive traits of the brazilian salamander bolitoglossa. This page was last edited on 15 september 2017, at 01. Deep divergences and extensive phylogeographic structure. They are also called tropical climbing salamanders and webfooted salamanders.
Fullgrown adults can reach a snoutvent length of just under 100. This is one of a projected series of papers dealing with phylogenetic. Most species in this genus are native to central america, though bolitoglossa species can also be found throughout tropical south america. Three genera are involved in a paraphyletic to polyphyletic relationship with pseudoeurycea, and revisionary studies are in progress. The bolitoglossa genus typically accounts for about 17 percent of all salamander species, and some experts consider bolitoglossa to be a supergenus of as many as genera.
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